[作者]  袁茂军

[内容] 

    1.Last week, a group of class 3 students delided to go tothe museum...

    decide to do sth."决定做某事"之意，相当于make up one'smind to do

sth.如：

    He made up his mind (decided) to work hard at English.

    decide 作不及物动词时，后常接介词。如：

    decide against doing so 决定不这样干

    decider决定者；decision决定（名词）

    2.glass-topped tables

    这是由"名词／形容词／数词＋名词＋ed"构成的复合形容词，可作前置定

语。其间加上连字符。如：

    a warm/kind-hearted man 好心人

    a three-legged table 三条腿的桌子

    a honey-mouthed fellow 甜言蜜语的家伙

    3.Some of the things were hundreds of years old.

    hundred, thousand, million和billion等数词在习惯表达式中，可不表

具体数目，相当于普通名词，有复 数形式。另外，数词复数形式还可用于表示

不很精确的年龄、年代和其他表达式中。如：

    The man is in his thirties.

    The old teacher joined the Party in his late fifties.

    Things are at sixes and sevens.（事情乱七八糟。）

    4.break down

    ①"损坏，发生故障"之意。如：

    The car broke down on the way.

    ②"拆开、拆散"之意。如：

    John broke down the washing machine.

    ③"（身体）垮了"之意。如：

    His health broke down.

    5.The ground must be just right....

    just right "正好合适"，此处"right"是形容词，意为"正好的"、"合

适的"。如：

    This pair of new shoes is just right for me.

    Which is the right way to London?

    6.as often as possible

    表示"尽可能多的次数"，as...as possible （尽量），"as...as"中接

形容词或副词原形。 此处"p ossible"相当于"sb. can"。如：

    I'll come back as soon as possible (as soon as I can).

    Be as kind to her as possible (you can).

    7.surprise

    in (with) surprise."惊奇地"用作状语。

    to one's surprise"使……吃惊的是"。

    be surprised "感到吃惊"， surprise 还可有下列表达形式：be

surprised ＋to do sth, be

    surprised ＋that 从句， besurprised ＋at sth.

    8.The Great Green wall will stop the wind from blowingthe earth away.

    stop sb.(sth.) from doing sth."阻止……做某事"。如：

    She stopped the child from listening

    注意stop...from与stop doing和stop to do的区别。

    stop doing sth.意为"停止（中止）做某事"，与"not. . . dosth. any

more"同义；而stop to do为 "停下来去做某事"。

    9.The more, the better

    意思是"越多越好"，the ＋比较级，the ＋比较级，这一结构表示二者程

度同步增长，即"越……就越 "，此处the 应理解为副词，不是定冠词。如：

    The busier l am, the happier l feel.我越忙越高兴。

    10.It says here, on this card, that.... (L66)

    此处say意为"写道"、"报道"，如：the radio says. . . thenewspaper

says....；而"They say t hat there are...(L94)"， "people say that by

the year 2010, ( L78) "中， 相当于"It issaid t hat...""据说……"

之意。

    11.A young man named John had just left school for thelast time.

    在这里，"name"是动词，"名叫"的意思，过去分词，作后置定语，相当

于call, 即a young man call ed John。

    12.The two friends were very pleased to see each otheragain.

    be pleased to do sth.很高兴做某事

    pleased 是形容词，意为"高兴的"、"满意的"。如：

    He must be pleased at the news.

    please 是动词，有"使高兴"、"使中意"之意。如：

    The pictures pleased the people.

    pleasure 是名词，with pleasure "愉快地"、"高兴地"。 而It's a

pleasure.是回答别人表示感谢 的一句客气用语，意为"别客气"。

    13.Soon they were very busy talking.

    be busy doing sth.或be busy with sth.句式， 表示"忙于（做）某事"。

如：She is busy (in) doi ng the housework. 或She isbusy with the housework.

    busy 另有"（电话）占线的"之意。如：

    The line is busy.

    14."Pardon?" he said.

    他说："对不起，请再说一遍。"还可以说"Beg your pardon?"或"I bed

your pardon.＠①"但如 果说，"I beg your pardon.＠②"则意为"请原谅，

（对不起）"。还可用于要与他人交谈，或要针对他人 的意思陈述自己的意见

时。

    另外，pardon 和excuse 都含有"原谅"的意思。但pardon可侧重"宽恕、

饶恕"之意。如原谅过失， 罪恶或严重的冒犯等。如：

    I pardon you for this time.

    而excuse 是原谅小的过失或疏忽等。如：

    Excuse me for coming late.

    15.moment

    moment意为"片刻、瞬间"的意思。at the moment 意为"此刻"，用于

现在时态，也可用于过去时态。 at that moment，意为"当时"，用于过去时

态。

    in a moment"立刻、立即"之意。

    for a moment＝for a short time 意为"一会儿"， 而for themoment意

为"暂时，目前"。Just a m oment, please!请稍等片刻！这通常是旅馆、饭

店、商店等地工作人员对顾客的礼貌用语。

    16.be worn out

    该词组为"穿坏、穿破"之意。如：My shoes are worn out.

    有时也用来表示某事物枯竭、耗尽。如：

    Cheap shoes are soon worn out.便宜的鞋子不耐穿。

    His patience was at last worn out.他最后终于忍耐不住了。

    另外，wear是"穿着"的一种状态；put on 指"穿戴"这一动作；dress

作及物动词用，意为"给……穿 衣"时，只能以人作宾语， 不能象wear, put

on 那样用衣服、鞋、帽等作宾语；be dressed in 表示"穿着 （衣服）"。

    17.at the doctor's

    "在医生的诊所"之意，后面省略了名词"office"等表示建筑物的名词，

如house, shop, home, hospi tal, office, hotel（旅馆），restaurant（饭

店），church（教堂），theatre （剧院）， college（大学 ）这些词被所有格修

饰时，可以省略。如：

    I'll go to my sister's (house).

    at the bookseller's＝at the bookseller's shop

    18. You'd better stay in bed till tomorrow.

    till与until同义，口语中多用till，二者均可作介词和连词。 用于肯定

句时，主句的动词一般是延续的 ，即延续到till或until 所表示的时间或动

作结束为止。如：

    I waited until (till) the rain stopped.

    用于否定句时，主句的动词一般用非延续性的。但用于肯定句时，主句动词

是延续性的或非延续性的都可 以。 即它所表示的动作直到until 或 till所表

示的时间或动作结束后才发生， 有"直到……才……"之 意（not...until）

如：

    They didn't go to the classroom until ( till) the bellrang.

    另外，介词until (till)"直到……为止"表示继续，而介词by"在……

以前"表示终了。试比较：

    I'll be home till six.六点钟前我都会在家。

    I'll be home by six.我六点钟前会回到家。

    19.what's the trouble?

    "trouble"一词有"毛病"、"故障"之意。如：

    What's the trouble with you?或What's your trouble?（你怎么啦？）

类似的句式还有：

    What's wrong with you?

    What's the matter with you?

    What happens to you?

    又如：What's wrong/the matter/the trouble with themachine?或What

happens to the mach ine?

    20.take one's temperature

    意为"为……量体温"，take有"量、记录、写下、照（相）"等意思。

如：

    The teacher took your name and address.

    take a photo照像

    而take this medicine（吃这种药），take 有"吃、喝、 吸（入）"的意

思。如：

    Go out to take the air.出去呼吸一下新鲜空气。

    Do you take tea or coffee?你喝茶还是喝咖啡。

    另外，I'll take this new dress, take＝have. 为"买下"之意。

    21.His temperature seems to be all right.

    seem 可作系动词，可接不定式、名词或形容词作表语，“似乎、好象”之意。

如：

    But he seemed rather tired last night.

    He seems a very clever boy.

    还可用于"It seems ＋that从句"，注意seem （ed）和它所接的从句时

态关系。如：

    He seems to be angry＝It seems that he is angry.

    He seemed to be angry at that moment.＝It seemed that hewas angry at

that moment.

    22.I'm sure of that!

    "be sure of (doing) sth.""be sure to do sth. "与"besure＋that

从句"有时可表达同一个意 思。如：

    I'm sure of passing the exam.＝I'm sure to pass the exam.＝I'm sure

that I will pass the exa m.

    但be sure of doing表示主语"自信会"、"有把握"、"有信心"，通

常主语只是人；而be sure to d o 指"一定会"、"肯定会"、"必然会"。

be sure的主语只能是人，而不能用物， 表说话者在主观上的推 断。

    另外，make sure为"查明"、"弄确实"、"弄清楚"的意思。有make sure

of sth, make sure＋that 从句及make sure to do sth.等结构。

    23.I don't feel like eating.

    feel like doing sth.意思是"想做某事"。相当于want to dosth.如：

    I don't feel like running today. 即I don't want to runtoday.

    24.It's a long time since we met last.

    "It is＋一段时间＋since＋过去时"表示"自从……以来已过了……（时

间）"，此结构可说成"It h as been＋一段时间＋since＋过去时"，同理"It

was＋一段时间＋since＋过去完成时"， 意即"Ithad be en＋一段时间＋since

＋过去完成时"。如：

    It is two months since we met last. 或It has been twomonths since

we met last.也可转换为 ：

    Two months has passed since we met last.

    25.Wei Hua may be on the team.

    be on the team表"在运动队中"即be a player of the team。

    介词on 表"在……中"，引起介词短语，表示经过、处境、 状态等。如：

    on duty, on a holiday, on sale

    The house is on fire (is burning).

    The bad man is on the run (is running).

    26.Keep passing the ball to each other, and you'll be OK.

    keep doing sth.表"一直做某事"，与keep on doing sth. 可互换。但

前者有时可强调状态的继续。后 者表示动作与动作间有一定的间隔，有时可表

示不顾反对或困难而坚持做，有加强语气的意味。

    另外，keep sb. from doing sth.如同stop sb. from doing sth.（阻止

某人做某事）。

    而keep...away from... 指"阻止某人或某物前去或接近……"如：

    Shall I keep him away from school?

    Keep the children away from the stove（炉子）.

    27.It was a draw when we played against them last time.

    名词draw在该句中意为"平局，不分胜负"，尤指运动比赛中。名词win 指

"胜利、成功"，defeat指" 失利、失败"。如：

    3 wins and 2 defeats三胜二负

    Our team has had five wins and two draws this year. 今年我们队赢了

五次，打平两次。

    28.We did as he told us and we won the first place in theleague at

last.

    句中"as"是连词，意为"依照、按照、正如、像……那样的"，引导方式

状语从句。如：

    The teacher told the students to do as he did.

    Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to?